{"format":1,"id":"119-hr-28","congress":119,"number":"H.R. 28","kind":"bill","group":"bills","title":"Protection of Women and Girls in Sports Act of 2025","title_source":"Short Title(s) as Passed House","official_title":"To amend the Education Amendments of 1972 to provide that for purposes of determining compliance with title IX of such Act in athletics, sex shall be recognized based solely on a person's reproductive biology and genetics at birth.","titles":[{"type":"Official Title as Introduced","title":"To amend the Education Amendments of 1972 to provide that for purposes of determining compliance with title IX of such Act in athletics, sex shall be recognized based solely on a person's reproductive biology and genetics at birth."},{"type":"Display Title","title":"Protection of Women and Girls in Sports Act of 2025"},{"type":"Official Title from EH (Engrossed in House) bill text","title":"To amend the Education Amendments of 1972 to provide that for purposes of determining compliance with title IX of such Act in athletics, sex shall be recognized based solely on a person’s reproductive biology and genetics at birth."},{"type":"Short Title(s) as Passed House","title":"Protection of Women and Girls in Sports Act of 2025"},{"type":"Short Title(s) as Introduced","title":"Protection of Women and Girls in Sports Act of 2025"}],"outcome":"passed_house","law_number":null,"introduced":"2025-01-03","chambers":{"house":{"status":"roll_call","date":"2025-01-14","vote":{"id":"119-2025-h12","question":"On Passage","title":"Protection of Women and Girls in Sports Act","result":"Passed","yea":218,"nay":206,"present":1,"not_voting":9,"source":"https://clerk.house.gov/evs/2025/roll012.xml"}},"senate":{"status":"pending","date":null,"vote":null}},"president":{"status":"not_yet","date":null},"vice_president_tie_breaker":null,"latest_action":{"text":"Received in the Senate.","date":"2025-01-15"},"nominees":null,"amendments":[],"other_votes":[{"chamber":"house","date":"2025-01-14","question":"On Motion to Recommit","title":"Protection of Women and Girls in Sports Act","result":"Failed","yea":208,"nay":218,"present":0,"not_voting":8,"kind":"procedural","source":"https://clerk.house.gov/evs/2025/roll011.xml"}],"crs_summary":{"date":"2025-01-03","stage":"Introduced in House","blocks":[{"k":"h","t":"Protection of Women and Girls in Sports Act of 2025"},{"k":"p","t":"This bill generally prohibits school athletic programs from allowing individuals whose biological sex at birth was male to participate in programs that are for women or girls."},{"k":"p","t":"Specifically, the bill provides that it is a violation of Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 for federally funded education programs or activities to operate, sponsor, or facilitate athletic programs or activities that allow individuals of the male sex to participate in programs or activities that are designated for women or girls. (Title IX prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in federally funded education programs or activities, including in public elementary and secondary schools and in colleges and universities.) Under the bill, sex is based on an individual's reproductive biology and genetics at birth."},{"k":"p","t":"The bill does not prohibit male individuals from training or practicing with programs or activities for women or girls as long as such training or practice does not deprive any female of corresponding opportunities or benefits."},{"k":"p","t":"The Government Accountability Office must report on the benefits for women or girls in single-sex sports that would be lost as a result of male participation. In particular, the report must document the negative psychological, developmental, participatory, and sociological effects of male participation on girls."}],"words":215},"summary":{"main_subject":{"text":"Amends Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 to make it a violation for a recipient of Federal financial assistance to permit a person whose sex is male to participate in athletic programs designated for women or girls, with sex recognized by reproductive biology and genetics at birth.","cites":[{"label":"Sec. 2","href":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/28/text/eh#H387C2783F72D4874B5E411C76FA36BAB"}]},"core_areas":["Title IX compliance in school athletic programs","Definition of sex for Title IX athletics purposes","Comptroller General study and report on benefits of single-sex sports"],"what_it_does":[{"text":"Makes it a violation for a recipient of Federal financial assistance that operates, sponsors, or facilitates athletic programs or activities to permit a person whose sex is male to participate in a program or activity designated for women or girls.","cite":{"label":"Sec. 2","href":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/28/text/eh#H387C2783F72D4874B5E411C76FA36BAB"}},{"text":"Requires that, for purposes of the new subsection, sex be recognized based solely on a person's reproductive biology and genetics at birth.","cite":{"label":"Sec. 2","href":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/28/text/eh#H387C2783F72D4874B5E411C76FA36BAB"}},{"text":"Defines \"athletic programs and activities\" to include, but not be limited to, all programs or activities provided conditional upon participation with any athletic team.","cite":{"label":"Sec. 2","href":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/28/text/eh#H387C2783F72D4874B5E411C76FA36BAB"}},{"text":"Allows a recipient to permit males to train or practice with a program designated for women or girls, so long as no female is deprived of a roster spot, an opportunity to participate, a scholarship, admission, or any other benefit of participating.","cite":{"label":"Sec. 2","href":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/28/text/eh#H387C2783F72D4874B5E411C76FA36BAB"}},{"text":"Directs the Comptroller General to study the meaning of \"any other benefit\" by looking at benefits to women or girls of single-sex sports that would be lost by allowing males to participate.","cite":{"label":"Sec. 2","href":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/28/text/eh#H387C2783F72D4874B5E411C76FA36BAB"}},{"text":"Directs the Comptroller General to submit a report of the study results to the House Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions.","cite":{"label":"Sec. 2","href":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/28/text/eh#H387C2783F72D4874B5E411C76FA36BAB"}}],"unexpected":[],"version":{"type":"Engrossed in House","date":"2025-01-14","rule":"passed","href":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/28/text/eh"},"current":true,"model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","approved":"2026-09-29","approved_by":"checks"},"sources":{"congress_gov":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/28","text":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/28/text"},"card":{"image":"card/item/119-hr-28.png","v":"acf00e4cc675","alt":"Votes on Record. H.R. 28, 119th Congress: Protection of Women and Girls in Sports Act of 2025. House: 218 Yea, 206 Nay. Senate: not yet considered. Outcome: Passed House, 14 Jan 2025."}}